Autumn 2016 Economic Forecast

Modest growth in challenging times

Commission forecasts 2017 euro area growth of 1.5% and EU growth of 1.6% hindrances to growth and the weakening of supportive factors. Economic growth in Europe is expected to continue at a moderate pace, as recent labour market gains and rising private consumption are being counterbalanced by a number of hindrances to growth and the weakening of supportive factors. In its autumn forecast released today, the European Commission expects GDP growth in the euro area at 1.7% in 2016, 1.5% in 2017 and 1.7% in 2018 (Spring forecast: 2016: 1.6%, 2017: 1.8%). GDP growth in the EU as a whole should follow a similar pattern and is forecast at 1.8% this year, 1.6% in 2017 and 1.8% in 2018 (Spring forecast: 2016:1.8%, 2017: 1.9%).

All Member States to benefit from the current recovery

While the trend of widely differing economic performance continues, EU GDP is now higher than before the crisis and GDP in some Member States stands more than 10% above its trough. Over the forecast period, economic activity in all Member States is set to increase further but to remain uneven.

Investment to rebound in 2018 in part thanks to EU co-funding

Having suffered from low demand growth and expectations of weak potential growth, ongoing corporate debt reduction in some Member States and heightened uncertainty, the investment environment is finally brightening and investment is expected to pick up in 2018. Projects financed under the Investment Plan for Europe, as well as - in some Member States - projects co-financed with EU funds from the 2014-2020 programming period, should increasingly support private and public investment as they enter their implementation phase. Overall, investment is forecast to grow by 3.3% this year, 3.1% in 2017 and 3.5% in 2018.

A relatively job-rich recovery

Employment in the euro area and the EU is expected to grow by 1.4% this year, faster than at any time since 2008, though slack remains in the labour market. Job creation is set to continue benefiting from domestic demand-led growth, moderate wage growth, as well as fiscal policy measures and structural reforms in some Member States. Employment growth is forecast to remain relatively solid, though slightly moderating in 2017 and 2018. Even though the labour force is expected to grow faster this year due to increased participation rates and the gradual integration of refugees in the labour market, unemployment in the euro area is expected to decline relatively fast, from 10.1% in 2016 to 9.7% next year and 9.2% in 2018. The trend is expected to be the same for the EU as a whole, with unemployment set to fall from 8.6% this year to 8.3% next year and 7.9% in 2018. For the euro area, this is the lowest level since 2009. It compares to a 2013 peak of 12%, but remains well above the 7.5% low reached in 2007.

Inflation to pick up from a very low level, driven by energy prices

Inflation in the euro area was very low in the first half of the year due to falling oil prices, but started to pick up in the third quarter as the impact of past price decreases began to wear off. Inflation should now climb moderately above 1%, as oil prices are assumed to rise. Core inflation, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, is expected to rise gradually amid higher wage growth and a further narrowing of the output gap. Overall, inflation in the euro area is expected to rise from 0.3% in 2016 to 1.4% in both 2017 and 2018. In the EU, inflation is forecast to rise from 0.3% this year to 1.6% in 2017 and 1.7% in 2018.

Public finances to continue improving

Both the aggregate public deficit and the government debt-to-GDP ratio of the euro area are expected to continue declining over the forecast horizon of 2017-2018. The public deficit for the euro area is expected to fall from 1.8% of GDP this year to 1.5% in both 2017 and 2018. This is a result of lower social transfers in line with falling unemployment, wage bill moderation in the public sector and low interest rates, which make debt-servicing cheaper. The debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to fall from 91.6% in 2016 to 89.4% in 2018.

Little export support expected from global growth

Global GDP growth fell further in recent months and is now expected at 3.2% this year, its lowest since 2009. As growth in emerging markets and the United States is expected to strengthen, however, the global growth rate (excluding the EU) is expected to pick up modestly. The current weakness of global trade outside the EU is weighing on euro area exports despite the resilience of intra-euro area trade. World trade, which has been exceptionally fragile this year, is expected to grow more slowly than GDP in 2016 before rising back in line with GDP growth in 2017 and exceeding it slightly in 2018. Imports are expected to grow faster than exports in the euro area. The euro area’s current account surplus is forecast to decline over the forecast horizon.

Downside risks to the forecast have risen

Risks to the forecast have risen in recent months and are clearly tilted to the downside, including as a result of the UK ‘leave’ vote, which has raised uncertainty and can be seen as an indicator of heightened policy risks in the current volatile political environment. External risks, such as uncertain economic trends in China and the risk of aggravating geopolitical conflicts have also risen.

Background information

This forecast is based on a set of external assumptions concerning exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices with a cut-off date on 24 October 2016. The numbers used reflect market expectations derived from derivatives markets at the time of the forecast. For all other incoming data, including assumption about government policies, this forecast takes into consideration information up until and including 31 October 2016. Only policies credibly announced and specified in adequate detail are incorporated. Projections assume no policy changes. The Czech fiscal forecast, as published on 9 November 2016, has been corrected for a computational error.

Documents

Thematic boxes

Media

• Autumn Economic Forecast 2016 infographic
• EC press conference Commissioner Pierre MOSCOVICI on the Autumn Economic Forecast 2016
• Press conference Q & A
• Forecast presentation
• Press release IP/16/3611 of 9 November 2016

Related documents

• Data source: Annual macroeconomic database (AMECO)